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<title>1902 Colonial Conference</title>

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</style><table class="infobox vevent"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary">1902 Colonial Conference</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"></span><div class="infobox-caption">Front row left-right: Sir Robert Bond (Premier of Newfoundland), Richard Seddon (Prime Minister of New Zealand), Sir Wilfrid Laurier (Prime Minister of Canada), Joseph Chamberlain (Secretary of State for the Colonies (Chairman)), Sir Edmund Barton (Prime Minister of Australia), Sir Albert Henry Hime (Prime Minister of Natal), Thomas Fuller (Agent-General for Cape Colony)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Host country</th><td class="infobox-data plainlist"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland"></a></span></span> <a href="United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">United Kingdom</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Dates</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap">30 June–11 August 1902</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Cities</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="London" title="London">London</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">Heads of Government</span></th><td class="infobox-data">7</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Chair</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Joseph_Chamberlain" title="Joseph Chamberlain">Joseph Chamberlain</a><br>(<a href="Secretary_of_State_for_the_Colonies" title="Secretary of State for the Colonies">Secretary of State for the Colonies</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Follows</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="1897_Colonial_Conference" title="1897 Colonial Conference">1897</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Precedes</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="1907_Imperial_Conference" title="1907 Imperial Conference">1907 Imperial Conference</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Key points</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="text-align:left">

Imperial defence, imperial council, <a href="Customs_union" title="Customs union">customs union</a>, <a href="Imperial_Preference" title="Imperial Preference">Imperial Preference</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table>

<p>The <b>1902 Colonial Conference</b> followed the conclusion of the <a href="Boer_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Boer War">Boer War</a> and was held on the occasion of the coronation of <a href="King_Edward_VII" class="mw-redirect" title="King Edward VII">King Edward VII</a>. As with the previous conference, it was called by <a href="Secretary_of_State_for_the_Colonies" title="Secretary of State for the Colonies">Secretary of State for the Colonies</a> <a href="Joseph_Chamberlain" title="Joseph Chamberlain">Joseph Chamberlain</a> who opened it on 30 June 1902.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Chamberlain used the occasion to resubmit his earlier proposals made at the <a href="1897_Colonial_Conference" title="1897 Colonial Conference">1897 Colonial Conference</a> for an Imperial Council made up of colonial representatives which would act as a quasi-Imperial Parliament and make decisions for the colonies on imperial policy. This proposal, along with Chamberlain's idea for a unified imperial defence scheme, was rejected by most of the colonial prime ministers. While New Zealand proposed that each colony provide a special force for imperial defence in the case of war, Canada and Australia both believed this idea undermined self-government.<sup id="cite_ref-imp2_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-imp2-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Chamberlain also proposed an imperial <a href="Economic_union" title="Economic union">economic union</a> or <a href="Customs_union" title="Customs union">customs union</a> with <a href="Free_trade" title="Free trade">free trade</a> within the empire and tariffs against goods from outside of it. The colonies, however, passed a resolution rejecting imperial free trade. A resolution in favour of <a href="Imperial_preference" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperial preference">imperial preference</a> as proposed by Canada was approved and Chamberlain agreed to bring the idea to the British government. However, this plan was not implemented until the <a href="British_Empire_Economic_Conference" title="British Empire Economic Conference">British Empire Economic Conference</a> in 1932.<sup id="cite_ref-imp2_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-imp2-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Britain had more liberal trade policies than the colonies, making it hard for the British to adopt imperial preference policies without undermining its trade agreements with foreign states.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Theodore H. Boggs, an advocate for imperial federation, described the outcome of the conference as "disappointing."<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Participants">Participants</h2></div>

<p>The conference was hosted by King Edward VII, with his Colonial Secretary and the premiers of various colonies or their representatives and members of their cabinets:

</p>

<th>Nation

</th>

<th>Name

</th>

<th>Portfolio

</th></tr>

<tr>

<td rowspan="9"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom"></a></span></span> <a href="United_Kingdom_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland">United Kingdom</a>

</td>

<td><a href="Joseph_Chamberlain" title="Joseph Chamberlain">Joseph Chamberlain</a>

</td>

<td><a href="Secretary_of_State_for_the_Colonies" title="Secretary of State for the Colonies">Secretary of State for the Colonies</a> (chairman)

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="William_Waldegrave_Palmer%2C_2nd_Earl_of_Selborne" class="mw-redirect" title="William Waldegrave Palmer, 2nd Earl of Selborne">Lord Selborne</a>

</td>

<td><a href="First_Lord_of_the_Admiralty" title="First Lord of the Admiralty">First Lord of the Admiralty</a>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Rear Admiral <a href="Wilfred_Custance" title="Wilfred Custance">Wilfred Custance</a>

</td>

<td>Director of <a href="Naval_Intelligence_Division_(United_Kingdom)" title="Naval Intelligence Division (United Kingdom)">Naval Intelligence</a>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="William_Onslow%2C_4th_Earl_of_Onslow" title="William Onslow, 4th Earl of Onslow">Lord Onslow</a>

</td>

<td><a href="Under-Secretary_of_State_for_the_Colonies" title="Under-Secretary of State for the Colonies">Under-Secretary of State for the Colonies</a>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="Gerald_Balfour%2C_2nd_Earl_of_Balfour" title="Gerald Balfour, 2nd Earl of Balfour">Gerald Balfour</a>,

</td>

<td><a href="Secretary_of_State_for_Business%2C_Innovation_and_Skills" class="mw-redirect" title="Secretary of State for Business, Innovation and Skills">President of the Board of Trade</a>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Sir <a href="Montagu_Ommanney" title="Montagu Ommanney">Montagu Ommanney</a>

</td>

<td>Permanent Under-Secretary for the Colonies

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Sir <a href="Francis_Hopwood%2C_1st_Baron_Southborough" title="Francis Hopwood, 1st Baron Southborough">Francis Hopwood</a>

</td>

<td>Permanent Secretary to the Board of Trade

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Sir <a href="Thomas_Holderness" title="Thomas Holderness">Thomas Holderness</a>

</td>

<td>Secretary of the Revenue, Statistics and Commerce Department, <a href="India_Office" title="India Office">India Office</a>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Sir <a href="John_Anderson_(colonial_administrator)" title="John Anderson (colonial administrator)">John Anderson</a>

</td>

<td>Secretary to the Conference, of the <a href="Colonial_Office" title="Colonial Office">Colonial Office</a>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td rowspan="2"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="Australia" title="Australia"></a></span></span> <a href="Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a>

</td>

<td>Sir <a href="Edmund_Barton" title="Edmund Barton">Edmund Barton</a>

</td>

<td><a href="Prime_Minister_of_Australia" title="Prime Minister of Australia">Prime Minister</a>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Sir <a href="John_Forrest" title="John Forrest">John Forrest</a>

</td>

<td><a href="Minister_for_Defence_(Australia)" title="Minister for Defence (Australia)">Minister of Defence</a>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td rowspan="4"><span class="flagicon nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span></span></span> </span><a href="Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>

</td>

<td>Sir <a href="Wilfrid_Laurier" title="Wilfrid Laurier">Wilfrid Laurier</a>

</td>

<td><a href="Prime_Minister_of_Canada" title="Prime Minister of Canada">Prime Minister</a>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="William_Stevens_Fielding" title="William Stevens Fielding">William Stevens Fielding</a>

</td>

<td><a href="Minister_of_Finance_(Canada)" title="Minister of Finance (Canada)">Minister of Finance</a>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td>Sir <a href="William_Mulock" title="William Mulock">William Mulock</a>

</td>

<td><a href="Postmaster_General_of_Canada" title="Postmaster General of Canada">Postmaster General of Canada</a>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="William_Paterson_(Canadian_politician)" title="William Paterson (Canadian politician)">William Paterson</a>

</td>

<td><a href="Minister_of_Customs" title="Minister of Customs">Minister of Customs</a>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td rowspan="2"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="British_Cape_Colony" title="British Cape Colony"></a></span></span> <a href="British_Cape_Colony" class="mw-redirect" title="British Cape Colony">Cape Colony</a>

</td>

<td>Sir <a href="John_Gordon_Sprigg" class="mw-redirect" title="John Gordon Sprigg">John Gordon Sprigg</a>

</td>

<td>Prime Minister

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><a href="Thomas_Ekins_Fuller" title="Thomas Ekins Fuller">Thomas Fuller</a>

</td>

<td><a href="Agent-General" class="mw-redirect" title="Agent-General">Agent-General</a>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><span typeof="mw:File"></span> <a href="Colony_of_Natal" title="Colony of Natal">Natal</a>

</td>

<td>Sir <a href="Albert_Henry_Hime" title="Albert Henry Hime">Albert Henry Hime</a>

</td>

<td>Prime Minister

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="Dominion_of_Newfoundland" title="Dominion of Newfoundland"></a></span></span> <a href="Newfoundland_Colony" title="Newfoundland Colony">Newfoundland</a>

</td>

<td>Sir <a href="Robert_Bond" title="Robert Bond">Robert Bond</a>

</td>

<td><a href="Premier_of_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" title="Premier of Newfoundland and Labrador">Premier</a>

</td></tr>

<tr>

<td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="New_Zealand" title="New Zealand"></a></span></span> <a href="Colony_of_New_Zealand" title="Colony of New Zealand">New Zealand</a>

</td>

<td><a href="Richard_Seddon" title="Richard Seddon">Richard Seddon</a>

</td>

<td><a href="Prime_Minister_of_New_Zealand" title="Prime Minister of New Zealand">Prime Minister</a>

</td></tr></tbody></table><p><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div>

<ul><li><a href="Imperial_Conference" title="Imperial Conference">Imperial Conference</a></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite class="citation news cs1">"The Conference of Colonial Premiers". <i>The Times</i>. No. 36808. London. 1 July 1902. p. 6.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFKendle1967" class="citation book cs1"><a href="John_Kendle" title="John Kendle">Kendle, J.E.</a> (1967). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://academic.oup.com/ahr/article-abstract/74/3/999/91500"><i>The Colonial and Imperial Conferences, 1887-1911: A Study in Imperial Organization</i></a>. Imperial Studies. Vol. XXVIII. <a href="London" title="London">London</a>: <a href="Longman" title="Longman">Longmans</a> for the <a href="Royal_Commonwealth_Society" title="Royal Commonwealth Society">Royal Commonwealth Society</a>. <a href="ASIN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ASIN (identifier)">ASIN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0000CO3QA">B0000CO3QA</a>. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2Fahr%2F74.3.999">10.1086/ahr/74.3.999</a>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-imp2-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-imp2_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-imp2_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uyqepNdgUWkC&q=colonial+conference+1897&pg=PA138"><i>Historical dictionary of European imperialism</i></a>. Greenwood Publishing Group. 1991. p. 138. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>0313262578</bdi>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-:0-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFBoggs1916" class="citation journal cs1">Boggs, Theodore H. (1916). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S0003055400013277/type/journal_article">"The British Empire and closer union"</a></span>. <i>American Political Science Review</i>. <b>10</b> (4): <span class="nowrap">635–</span>653. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1946822">10.2307/1946822</a>. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0003-0554">0003-0554</a>. <a href="JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1946822">1946822</a>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.youscribe.com/catalogue/tous/savoirs/papers-relating-to-a-conference-between-the-secretary-of-state-for-1924209">Papers relating to a conference between the secretary of state for the colonies and the prime ministers of self-governing colonies; June to August, 1902</a></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nzetc.victoria.ac.nz/tm/scholarly/DruSedd-fig-DruSedd_P010a.html">"The Life an Work of Richard John Seddon"</a>. <i>nzetc.victoria.ac.nz</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

</ol></div></div>

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</style><div id="Commonwealth_Heads_of_Government_Meetings220" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Commonwealth_Heads_of_Government_Meeting" title="Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting">Commonwealth Heads of Government Meetings</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Imperial_Conference" title="Imperial Conference">Colonial and Imperial Conferences</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Commonwealth_Prime_Ministers'_Conference" title="Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Conference">Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Conferences</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Commonwealth_Heads_of_Government_Meeting" title="Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting">Heads of Government Meetings</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

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